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如何通過(guò)劍橋雅思閱讀提高雅思寫(xiě)作技能

更新:2023年11月05日 17:42 大學(xué)路

小編今天整理了一些如何通過(guò)劍橋雅思閱讀提高雅思寫(xiě)作技能相關(guān)內(nèi)容,希望能夠幫到大家。

本文目錄一覽:

如何通過(guò)劍橋雅思閱讀提高雅思寫(xiě)作技能

如何通過(guò)劍橋雅思閱讀提高雅思寫(xiě)作技能

1. 利用劍橋雅思真題里的閱讀提高學(xué)術(shù)表達(dá)的能力
相信同學(xué)們都有劍橋雅思真題4-10 (好消息:劍橋雅思真題11即將問(wèn)世),每本真題有12篇A類(lèi)閱讀,7本書(shū)加起來(lái)一共84篇。我們知道,劍橋雅思真題里面的閱讀都是出自學(xué)術(shù)性文章,學(xué)術(shù) 性強(qiáng)并且所用詞匯和表達(dá)都是專(zhuān)業(yè)性的語(yǔ)言,而我們考A類(lèi)雅思的同學(xué)雅思寫(xiě)作的要求就是要寫(xiě)學(xué)術(shù)性文章,所以閱讀真題里的詞匯和表達(dá)是我們可以學(xué)習(xí)借鑒的。
整理文中:
好的詞組搭配
避免Chinglish的出現(xiàn),比如dispose of和deal with都可以翻譯成處理,但是兩個(gè)詞組用法是不一樣的,比如dispose of sewage/waste products,deal with the problem。與其單純的背誦詞組,整理閱讀中的動(dòng)詞名詞搭配、形容詞名詞搭配能更有針對(duì)性的提升雅思寫(xiě)作Lexical Resources這一評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
好的句式結(jié)構(gòu)
雅思大作文7分評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中Grammatical Range and Accuracy要求考生用至少三種不同種類(lèi)的復(fù)合句,我們可以多看看閱讀里的從句結(jié)構(gòu)從而熟悉復(fù)雜句的寫(xiě)法。
2. 利用劍橋雅思真題里的閱讀拓展寫(xiě)作思路
很多同學(xué)都會(huì)遇到同樣的問(wèn)題:寫(xiě)作的時(shí)候沒(méi)思路,或者思路狹窄,甚至覺(jué)得自己的觀點(diǎn)很膚淺幼稚,但是又想不到很academic的論點(diǎn)。今天,我們就來(lái)看一看如何利用手中的劍橋雅思真題來(lái)幫助我們拓展寫(xiě)作思路。
整理文中:
可用作大作文素材的論點(diǎn)論據(jù)論證
我們來(lái)看一看2015年12月19日的寫(xiě)作大作文題目:
Some think cultural traditions are destroyed when they are used as money-making to aim attourists attraction. Others think it is the only way to save them.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
思路:該題是一道雙邊討論并給出自己觀點(diǎn)的discussion類(lèi)的題目,考察的話題是文化傳統(tǒng)要不要針對(duì)游客進(jìn)行牟利,這樣做到底是毀了文化還是保存文化的唯一途徑。通過(guò)話題分類(lèi),可以很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)這是一道文化類(lèi)和旅游類(lèi)的題目。
針對(duì)游客牟利會(huì)破壞文化傳統(tǒng),可以從游客和景點(diǎn)兩個(gè)方面切入。
? 首先從游客的角度,他們只想去游覽自己感興趣的文化傳統(tǒng),而他們做選擇又只是基于第一印象或者直覺(jué)(first impression or intuition),這對(duì)于那些小眾(minority)喜歡的傳統(tǒng)技巧或習(xí)俗等都是不利的(disadvantageous),長(zhǎng)此以往我們會(huì)失去很 多文化傳統(tǒng)。
? 從景點(diǎn)方面入手,為了迎合游客的口味(cater for the taste of tourists),傳統(tǒng)文化的景點(diǎn)已經(jīng)變得越來(lái)越商業(yè)化,改變了本來(lái)的面貌(比如麗江,鳳凰古城等)。而且游客的增多也帶來(lái)很多問(wèn)題,比如外來(lái)文化的入 侵,環(huán)境破壞,治安問(wèn)題等,這些都是不利于傳統(tǒng)文化的保存的。
做過(guò)劍橋真題4的同學(xué)應(yīng)該記得這樣一篇閱讀文章:The Impact of Wilderness Touri*(C4T4P1),里面有一段話是這樣的:
? Tourists are drawn to these regions by their natural landscape beauty and the uniquecultures of their indigenous people. And poor governments in these isolated areas havewelcomed the new breed of ‘a(chǎn)dventure tourist’, grateful for the hard currency they bring.
我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),其實(shí)這段話完全就是從游客與景點(diǎn)兩方面闡述了wilderness touri*的影響。首先游客為什么會(huì)被景點(diǎn)吸引呢?兩方面:natural landscape和the unique cultures of indigenous people。那么景點(diǎn)當(dāng)?shù)氐娜嗣窈?會(huì)怎么做呢?會(huì)為了經(jīng)濟(jì)效益而去迎合游客的口味。通過(guò)上述分析,我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這篇閱讀文章雖然講的是荒野地區(qū)旅游, 但是里面的觀點(diǎn)完全可以巧妙的經(jīng)過(guò)paraphrase以后被我們用在這次考試?yán)?,為我們的?xiě)作提供了思路。這篇閱讀里還有很多好的觀點(diǎn)可以同樣的運(yùn)用在 旅游文化類(lèi)文章里,如果平時(shí)注意積累,就再也不用擔(dān)心考場(chǎng)上大腦一片空白啦!
3. 利用劍橋雅思真題里的考官范文拓展寫(xiě)作思路
雖然考官范文一直被強(qiáng)調(diào):只可欣賞,不能模仿,但是里面的觀點(diǎn)我們可以好好消化然后巧妙地為我們所用。比如還是12月19日的這道考題,對(duì)于文化傳統(tǒng)會(huì)因?yàn)橛慰偷牡絹?lái)而得到保護(hù)這一方觀點(diǎn)我們可以有以下思路:
? 因?yàn)榭梢源龠M(jìn)*和人們對(duì)于這些傳統(tǒng)的關(guān)注力度,而游客的消費(fèi)也可以給文物、古建筑的維護(hù)提供資金支持(financial support)。
? 并且傳統(tǒng)工藝者也很可能因此把傳統(tǒng)工藝(traditional skills)保存下去而不是找一份普通的工作來(lái)謀生(make a living)。
我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)考官范文C3 T2提出了如下觀點(diǎn):
Interestingly, technology can positivelycontribute to the keeping alive of traditional skillsand ways of life. For example, the populations of some islands are too *all to have normalschools. Rather than breaking up families by sending children to the mainland, educationauthorities have been able to use the internet to deliver schooling online. In addition, theinternet, and modern refrigeration techniques, are being used to keep alive the traditional skillsof producing salmon; it can now be ordered from, and delivered to, anywhere in the world.
對(duì)于現(xiàn)代科技幫助保存?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)生產(chǎn)三文魚(yú)技術(shù),其實(shí)和思路中的第二點(diǎn)有相似之處,可以恰當(dāng)?shù)男薷娜缓笥迷谖覀冏约旱奈闹小?

雅思閱讀出題源網(wǎng)站有哪些

雅思閱讀的出題源都扒出來(lái)了!這樣精讀+泛讀不上8分都難

在備考雅思閱讀,有一件比刷題更重要的事:做閱讀積累。不管是精讀還是泛讀,長(zhǎng)時(shí)間保持一定強(qiáng)度的訓(xùn)練可以提升我們的英語(yǔ)閱讀能力。

然而,很多同學(xué)在做閱讀積累時(shí)都覺(jué)得起效太慢,如何把做閱讀和雅思考試聯(lián)系得更緊密?

很簡(jiǎn)單,泛讀時(shí)從雅思題源里找文章就好了!這里我們?yōu)榇蠹野莵?lái)了雅思閱讀真題題源,從這些文章里做積累,說(shuō)不定下次考試分分鐘遇到原文。

精讀+泛讀,拿下8分指日可待。

精讀

我一直相信一種說(shuō)法:精讀10篇?jiǎng)蛘骖}文章,你的成績(jī)就可以在7.5以上。當(dāng)然,前提是你得“走心+方向正確”。

(提醒!精讀之前,務(wù)必掐著時(shí)間做題,劍橋文章有限珍貴,不能上來(lái)直接精讀,不要浪費(fèi)掐時(shí)間的機(jī)會(huì)。)

精讀對(duì)雅思閱讀的好處:

1、單詞

生詞:?查閱生詞之前盡量通過(guò)上下文的時(shí)態(tài)、邏輯關(guān)系或詞根、詞綴猜測(cè)出生詞的意思。因?yàn)樵诳荚囍?,我們是沒(méi)有任何外部工具用來(lái)查找單詞的。這個(gè)步驟不僅可以幫助我們?cè)趯?shí)踐中練習(xí)和掌握猜詞的方法和節(jié)奏,還可以緩和對(duì)于生詞的恐懼心理。

學(xué)科核心詞匯:我備考時(shí)有一個(gè)體驗(yàn):精讀真的太適合用來(lái)掃清閱讀單詞死角了,尤其精讀了幾篇生物類(lèi)文章之后,再答生物類(lèi)全都認(rèn)識(shí)了。

同義詞整理和摘抄:同義替換本來(lái)就是雅思閱讀考察的一個(gè)重點(diǎn),而且這些也可以借鑒到自己的寫(xiě)作當(dāng)中去,畢竟詞語(yǔ)多樣性是寫(xiě)作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一。

2、長(zhǎng)難句的不回讀訓(xùn)練

忘了是哪個(gè)老師跟我說(shuō)過(guò):三行以上必出題。我最開(kāi)始備考時(shí),常常是長(zhǎng)難句讀到后半句,前面就忘了讀過(guò)了什么。后來(lái)看到一本長(zhǎng)難句書(shū),里面提到了“打死我也不回讀”這個(gè)方法:

只要每天練習(xí)五個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句不回讀訓(xùn)練,看到大長(zhǎng)句子,習(xí)慣性切割主謂賓,一周就會(huì)看到效果。長(zhǎng)難句再也不是問(wèn)題,看到就自動(dòng)讀主謂賓,這就可以輕松記住意思,讀下面句子的時(shí)候,邏輯就形成了非常舒服的銜接。如果有題在句子中,再去精讀也不遲。

3、段落中心句位置+文章構(gòu)架的積累訓(xùn)練與開(kāi)悟體驗(yàn)

從備考角度出發(fā),對(duì)雅思學(xué)術(shù)閱讀文章進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)分析是一種有效的應(yīng)試策略,在針對(duì)亂序題、尤其是考生棄之如敝履的信息包含題這方面,其作用尤為突出。LOH(List of Headings)和 段落信息配對(duì),怎么做,主要靠精讀的這個(gè)步驟。

泛讀

泛讀主要是練速度和抓取文章關(guān)鍵信息的能力的,所以這里我們主要get的是略讀和掃讀的能力,也就是雅思閱讀里需要的skimming & scanning。

skimming主要是用來(lái)抓住文章的主要要點(diǎn)(chief points),用這種方法來(lái)找尋文章的主旨大意;scan掃描,即為了尋找某一特定信息而大致地快速地瀏覽。雅思閱讀中的信息對(duì)比類(lèi)題、細(xì)節(jié)理解類(lèi)都考察到了這種能力。

在泛讀材料的選擇上,當(dāng)然選擇最貼近雅思閱讀考試的文章比較好,說(shuō)不定在考場(chǎng)還能遇見(jiàn)原文,達(dá)到一箭雙雕的效果。

以下為大家扒來(lái)了雅思閱的萬(wàn)年題庫(kù),大家做好泛讀,好處多多。

先明確雅思閱讀文章類(lèi)型:

雅思閱讀常考的文章類(lèi)型

經(jīng)常作為考點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容

歐洲及世界社會(huì)發(fā)展,經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況,科學(xué)動(dòng)向以及文化交流

世界范圍的就業(yè)狀況

語(yǔ)言學(xué),考古學(xué),生物學(xué),簡(jiǎn)單醫(yī)學(xué)(單詞量不會(huì)影響對(duì)文章的理解)

世界范圍內(nèi)的教育狀況,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的問(wèn)題,機(jī)遇及挑戰(zhàn)(糧食,能源)

女權(quán)注意及女性歧視問(wèn)題

環(huán)境保護(hù)(海洋,生物,陸地,森林等)及環(huán)境污染(化學(xué),石油泄漏等)

種族,民族問(wèn)題

人*炸及居住問(wèn)題,城市化及相關(guān)問(wèn)題(交通擁擠,設(shè)施缺乏,噪聲等)

地球,自然界的科學(xué)現(xiàn)象及地理現(xiàn)象

太空,宇宙概況,以及外星生物探討等

全球氣候變暖,厄爾尼諾,洋流異常,臭氧層破壞

地球?yàn)?zāi)難,火山爆發(fā),地震,彗星撞地球,森林大火,生物滅絕

人類(lèi)歷史發(fā)展中重要事件,重要人物及重要標(biāo)志性產(chǎn)品

人類(lèi)歷史上的重大發(fā)明

表明人類(lèi)文明輝煌成就的重大事件,如發(fā)明電視,電影,計(jì)算機(jī)及登陸月球等

雅思閱讀真題題源匯總

一、雅思閱讀A類(lèi)

文章大部分選自國(guó)外人文類(lèi)、經(jīng)濟(jì)類(lèi)和科學(xué)類(lèi)的知名報(bào)紙、雜志或各*、組織的研究報(bào)告。真題高頻題源如下:

1、New Scientist

世界上排名第一的科學(xué)雜志。這本雜志在雅思閱讀中被用到的頻率最高,25%的考題都是來(lái)自于這個(gè)雜志。看一組數(shù)據(jù):

劍橋雅思真題4

"Lost for Words" 12,August,2000

"Play`s the Thing" 9,June,2001

劍橋雅思真題5

"Comic Relief" 27 May 2000

"Flawed Beauty" 22 Septermber 2001

劍橋雅思真題6

"Australia`s Sporting Success" 26 January 2002

"Greying Population stays in the Pink" 16 March 2004

"Do literate women make better mothers" 29 April 1995

劍橋雅思真題7

"pulling strings to building pyramids from Kite Fantastic" 27 October 2001

"A very special dog" 10 May 1997

劍橋雅思真題8

"Striking Back at Lighting with Lasers" 7 October 1995

劍橋雅思真題10

"The Ancestor within All Creatures" 15 January 2005

劍橋雅思真題11

"Neuroaesthetics" 14 July 2012

2. The Economist

列居其次,非常有影響力的英文雜志,在雅思閱讀中也占有不少比例,如劍五中的The Truth about the Environment, 劍六中的Delivering the Goods。

3. American Scientist;Scientific American

兩個(gè)主要的美國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)期刊,也會(huì)涉及到一些考題,例如劍五的Disappearing Delta和劍六的The Search for Anti-aging Pills。

4. National Geographic

不過(guò)因?yàn)檫@是休閑雜志,所以只作為了G類(lèi)的閱讀,如劍六中的Pterosaurs。

除了以上提到的若干來(lái)源之外,雅思A類(lèi)的閱讀文章還出自Nature, Discover, Time (Europe), Boston Global, History Today等其余期刊或雜志。至于是哪次考試的哪篇文章,由于敏感原因在這里就不在透露。

二、 雅思G類(lèi)

閱讀中前兩部分通常是實(shí)用性強(qiáng)的功能性短文,如菜單、產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明、通知、住宿安排和廣告等,非常貼近西方的實(shí)際生活。這就要求考生們爭(zhēng)取每天閱讀一定量的原版英文報(bào)刊、書(shū)籍,如time、reader’s digest等,尤其注意其中的各種各樣的廣告。并非要讀懂每一個(gè)字,或完全理解,只要能理解其中大至含義既可。

配合文章第一部分的說(shuō)的精讀訓(xùn)練,了解這些雅思文章出處之后對(duì)大家平時(shí)進(jìn)行泛讀訓(xùn)練具有很好的指導(dǎo)作用,將精讀和泛讀結(jié)合,相信拿下8分指日可待。

2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析:Thomas Young

您好,我是專(zhuān)注留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)咨詢的小鐘老師。在追尋留學(xué)夢(mèng)想的路上,選擇合適的學(xué)校和專(zhuān)業(yè),準(zhǔn)備相關(guān)考試,都可能讓人感到迷茫和困擾。作為一名有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的留學(xué)顧問(wèn),我在此為您提供全方位的專(zhuān)業(yè)咨詢和指導(dǎo)。歡迎隨時(shí)提問(wèn)!
對(duì)于雅思考生來(lái)說(shuō),劍橋雅思閱讀題難不難?下面就和小鐘老師一起來(lái)看看2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析:Thomas Young。

Thomas Young
The Last True Know-It-All
A Thomas Young (1773-1829) contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica, including 46 biographical entries (mostly on scientists and classicists) and substantial essays on "Bridge,” "Chromatics," "Egypt," "Languages" and "Tides". Was someone who could write authoritatively about so many subjects a polymath, a genius or a dilettante? In an ambitious new biography, Andrew Robinson argues that Young is a good contender for the epitaph "the last man who knew everything." Young has competition, however: The phrase, which Robinson takes for his title, also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies: Leonard Warren's 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy (1823-1891) and Paula Findlen's 2023 book on Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680), another polymath.
B Young, of course, did more than write encyclopedia entries. He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday. In the paper, Young explained the process of accommodation in the human eye on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances. Young hypothesized that this was achieved by changes in the shape of the lens. Young also theorized that light traveled in waves and he believed that, to account for the ability to see in color, there must be three receptors in the eye corresponding to the three "principal colors" to which the retina could respond: red, green, violet. All these hypothesis were subsequently proved to be correct.
C Later in his life, when he was in his forties, Young was instrumental in cracking the code that unlocked the unknown script on the Rosetta Stone, a tablet that was "found" in Egypt by the Napoleonic army in 1799. The stone contains text in three alphabets: Greek, something unrecognizable and Egyptian hieroglyphs. The unrecognizable script is now known as demotic and, as Young deduced, is related directly to hieroglyphic. His initial work on this appeared in his Britannica entry on Egypt. In another entry, he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India. These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who, unlike many remarkable children, did not disappear into oblivion as an *.
D Born in 1773 in Somerset in England, Young lived from an early age with his maternal grandfather, eventually leaving to attend boarding school. He haddevoured books from the age of two, and through his own initiative he excelled at Latin, Greek, mathematics and natural philosophy. After leaving school, he was greatly encouraged by his mother's uncle, Richard Brocklesby, a physician and Fellow of the Royal Society. Following Brocklesby's lead, Young decided to pursue a career in medicine. He studied in London, following the medical circuit, and then moved on to more formal education in Edinburgh, Gottingen and Cambridge. After completing his medical training at the University of Cambridge in 1808, Young set up practice as a physician in London. He soon became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and a few years later was appointed physician at St. George's Hospital.
E Young's skill as a physician, however, did not equal his skill as a scholar of natural philosophy or linguistics. Earlier, in 1801, he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution, where he delivered as many as 60 lectures in a year. These were published in two volumes in 1807. In 1804 Young had become secretary to the Royal Society, a post he would hold until his death. His opinions were sought on civic and national matters, such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction. From 1819 he was superintendent of the Nautical Almanac and secretary to the Board of Longitude. From 1824 to 1829 he was physician to and inspector of calculations for the Palladian Insurance Company. Between 1816 and 1825 he contributed his many and various entries to the Encyclopedia Britannica, and throughout his career he authored numerous books, essays and papers.
F Young is a perfect subject for a biography - perfect, but daunting. Few men contributed so much to so many technical fields. Robinson's aim is to introduce non-scientists to Young's work and life. He succeeds, providing clear expositions of the technical material (especially that on optics and Egyptian hieroglyphs). Some readers of this book will, like Robinson, find Young's accomplishments impressive; others will see him as some historians have - as a dilettante. Yet despite the rich material presented in this book, readers will not end up knowing Young personally. We catch glimpses of a playful Young, doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs. Young was introduced into elite society, attended the theatre and learned to dance and play the flute. In addition, he was an accomplished horseman. However, his personal life looks pale next to his vibrant career and studies.
G Young married Eliza Maxwell in 1804, and according to Robinson, "their marriage was a happy one and she appreciated his work." Almost all we know about her is that she sustained her husband through some rancorous disputes about optics and that she worried about money when his medical career was slow to take off. Very little evidence survives about the complexities of Young's relationships with his mother and father. Robinson does not credit them, or anyone else, with shaping Young's extraordinary mind. Despite the lack of details concerning Young's relationships, however, anyone interested in what it means to be a genius should read this book.
Questions 1-7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
1 “The last man who knew everything” has also been claimed to other people.
2 All Young’s articles were published in Encyclopedia Britannica.
3 Like others, Young wasn't so brilliant when grew up.
4 Young's talents as a doctor are surpassing his other skills.
5 Young's advice was sought by people responsible for local and national issues.
6 Young was interested in various social pastimes.
7 Young suffered from a disease in his later years.
Questions 8-13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
8 How many life stories did Young write for Encyclopedia Britannica?
9 What aspect of scientific research did Young do in his first academic paper?
10 What name did Young introduce to refer to a group of languages?
11 Who inspired Young to start the medical studies?
12 Where did Young get a teaching position?
13 What contribution did Young make to London?
文章題目:
Thomas Young—The Last True Know-it All
托馬斯·楊——最后一個(gè)無(wú)所不知的人
篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
體裁人物傳記
題目托馬斯·楊——最后一個(gè)無(wú)所不知的人
結(jié)構(gòu)A段:托馬斯·楊對(duì)百科全書(shū)的主要成就
B段:托馬斯年輕時(shí)的主要成就
C段:托馬斯晚年的主要成就
D段:托馬斯童年的生活背景及成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷
E段:托馬斯作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者取得的成就
F段: 托馬斯在其他領(lǐng)域的成就
G段:托馬斯的感情生活
試題分析
Question 1-7
題目類(lèi)型:True / false /not given
題號(hào)定位詞文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)題目解析
1Other peopleA段第四句“Young has competition, however: The phrase, which Robinson takes for his title, also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies: Leonard Warren's 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy (1823-1891) and Paula Findlen's 2023 book on Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680), another polymath.”該句中明確給出了Young還有其他的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者,他們的傳記中也同樣擁有這樣的小標(biāo)題,分別是Leonard Warren寫(xiě)的關(guān)于Joseph Leidy的傳記,以及 Paula Findlen's寫(xiě)的關(guān)于Athanasius Kircher的傳記。
因此,本題答案為T(mén)rue
2all, articlesB段第一、二句B段第一句 “Young, of course, did more than write encyclopedia entries.”明確表示Young所做的遠(yuǎn)不僅僅是編輯大英百科全書(shū)的詞條,因此并不是所有的都在百科全書(shū)。而在本段第二句中,作者指出,Young在20歲的時(shí)候?qū)⒆约旱牡谝黄撐淖运]給倫敦皇家學(xué)會(huì),并在一年后成為該學(xué)會(huì)的會(huì)員: He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday。Paper與article為近意思。顯然,題干與原文含義相反。
因此,本題答案為False
3likeC段最后一句C段整體是在介紹Young晚年的主要成就,即Young長(zhǎng)大后的成就。此外,在C段最后一句中,作者明確指出Young和其他的孩子不同的一點(diǎn)在于,Young并沒(méi)有像其他那些年少成名而后來(lái)江郎才盡的孩子一樣,他后來(lái)同樣取得了非凡的成就: These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who, unlike many remarkable children, did not disappear into oblivion as an *.句中的unlike為like的反義詞,顯然題干與原文含義相反。
因此,本題答案為False
4surpassingD段第四、七句D段介紹了Young的成長(zhǎng)背景和經(jīng)歷,同時(shí)體現(xiàn)出其涉獵范圍較為廣泛。其中第四句中提到Y(jié)oung決定學(xué)醫(yī),并且在后面的介紹中指出Young還參加戲劇演出,學(xué)習(xí)跳舞和吹笛子: He then broke with his Quaker upbringing by attending the theater and learning to dance and play the flute. In addition, he was an accomplished horseman.而在第七句中作者指出Young還是一名杰出的馬術(shù)師。但是并未指出Young在哪個(gè)方面的造詣更高,更有天賦。Surpassing這個(gè)概念并沒(méi)有在文中體現(xiàn)。
因此,本題答案為Not Given
5soughtE段第四句“ His opinions were sought on civic and national matters”,文中表明Young的很多觀點(diǎn)關(guān)注人民和國(guó)家事務(wù)。題干與原文含義相同。
因此,本題答案為T(mén)rue
6Interested in, social pastimeF段第七句“We catch glimpses of a playful Young, doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs.”文中指出,通過(guò)Young的醫(yī)學(xué)演講中亂寫(xiě)的希臘字母和拉丁短語(yǔ)以及將一位年輕女性寫(xiě)在涼亭上的詩(shī)歌翻譯成希臘挽歌便能看出他的幽默。顯然,Young對(duì)于這樣的社交娛樂(lè)是感興趣的。題干和原文相符合。
因此,本題答案為T(mén)rue
7disease, later yearsC段第一句,G段第一句C段第一句給出了“l(fā)ater in his life,”但是本段近講述了Young晚年在學(xué)術(shù)方面的成就;G段給出了Young的婚后生活,以及Robinson在書(shū)中并未提及Young與父母間的關(guān)系。但無(wú)論哪一個(gè)點(diǎn)都沒(méi)有提及其晚年飽受某種疾病之苦。
因此,本題答案為Not Given
題目類(lèi)型:Short-answer question
8life storiesA段第一句“Thomas Young (1773-1829) contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica, including 46 biographical entries (mostly on scientists and classicists)…”該劇中的“biographical entries”指?jìng)饔浽~條,與題干中的life stories表示相同涵義。
因此,本題答案為46
9first academic paperB段第三句“In the paper, on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances, Young hypothesized that deformation of the crystalline lens accomplished the accommodation.”B段段首表明,Young將自己的第一篇論文自薦給了倫敦皇家學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)。因此本段討論的是其第一篇論文。而本段第三句指出,在這篇論文中,Young主要討論了人類(lèi)眼球的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制
因此,本題答案為humaneye或human eye accommodation
10a group of languagesC段第五句“In another entry, he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India.”該句指出,Young創(chuàng)造了術(shù)語(yǔ) Indo-European來(lái)描述在歐洲大部分地區(qū)以及北印度使用的語(yǔ)言。
因此,本題答案為Indo-European
11inspire, medical studiesD段第四句D段前面介紹了Young童年時(shí)期的生活背景。本段第四句中則指出:“Following Brocklesby's lead, Young decided to pursue a career in medicine.”。顯然,正是因?yàn)?Richard Brocklesby的引導(dǎo),Young才決定在醫(yī)學(xué)方面有所建樹(shù)。
因此,本題答案為 Richard Brocklesby
12teaching positionE段第二句“ Earlier, in 1801, he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution”,題干中的teaching position與E段第二句中的professorship均表示“教師職位”,該句明確指出,Young作為自然哲學(xué)的教授,受聘于英國(guó)科學(xué)研究所。
因此,本題答案為 Royal Institution
13LondonE段第五句“His opinions were sought on civic and national matters, such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction.”E段主要介紹了Young作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者取得的成就。而第五句則列舉了Young的兩個(gè)成就,其對(duì)于倫敦的所做出的成就在于煤氣照明的引入。
因此,本題答案為gas lighting
A我們?cè)撛鯓永斫馔旭R斯·楊(1773-1829)?他是《大不列顛百科全書(shū)》中63篇文章的作者,其中包括46篇傳記(大部分都是關(guān)于科學(xué)家和古典學(xué)者),和大量關(guān)于“橋” “色彩論” “埃及” “語(yǔ)吉” “潮汐”等的論文。一個(gè)能夠?qū)懗鲞@樣多有權(quán)威性文章的人應(yīng)該算是一個(gè)博學(xué)者? 一個(gè)天才?還是一個(gè)業(yè)余興趣廣泛的人呢?在一篇關(guān)于他的比較激進(jìn)的傳記中,Andrew Robinson 認(rèn)為托馬斯楊是-位強(qiáng)有力的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者能夠配得這樣的墓志銘“是最后一個(gè)知道任何事的人”。但是楊也要面對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng):因?yàn)檫@樣的傳記標(biāo)題Robinson不僅給了他,也作為副標(biāo)題給了有關(guān)另兩位學(xué)者的傳記:Lenard Warren 1998年著的《古生物學(xué)家Joseph Leipy的一生》(1823-1891)以及Paula Findlen 2023年著的關(guān)于另一位博學(xué)者Athanasius Kircher(1602-1680)的傳記。
B當(dāng)然楊的貢獻(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)不止寫(xiě)了很多百科全書(shū)上的文章,他在20歲的時(shí)候?qū)⒆约旱牡谝黄撐淖运]給倫敦皇家學(xué)會(huì),并在他的21歲生日后被評(píng)為一周科學(xué)人物,楊在該篇論文中解釋了人類(lèi)眼睛的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制一一關(guān)于眼睛如何通過(guò)不同的距離聚焦在物體上。在后面的文章中,他更加全面地探討了這個(gè)問(wèn)題,類(lèi)似牛頓,他在自己身上進(jìn)行了可怕的實(shí)驗(yàn)用以獲得相關(guān)的證據(jù),他還得出這樣的理論:光是通過(guò)“以太”分子的振動(dòng),以波的形式進(jìn)行傳遞的,而“以太”是一種假想物質(zhì),其存在還存在爭(zhēng)議性。他還認(rèn)為為了能看見(jiàn)顏色,必須要有3個(gè)感應(yīng)器對(duì)“三原色”進(jìn)行感應(yīng),而這三種視網(wǎng)膜對(duì)其產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)的顏色就是紅,黃,藍(lán)二種顏色。
C在他人生的晚些時(shí)候,也就是40多歲的時(shí)候,楊試圖破解鎖在羅塞塔石碑里的未知文字密碼,這個(gè)石碑是在1799年在埃及被拿破侖的軍隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)的,并且從1802年起就在英國(guó)博物館進(jìn)行展出。該石碑上包含了 3種不同的字母:希臘語(yǔ),不可辨識(shí)的文字以及埃及的象形文字。這種不可辨識(shí)的文字現(xiàn)在被認(rèn)為是正如楊所推斷的是很普通的,是和象形文字直接相關(guān)的。他最初有關(guān)這方面的工作首次出現(xiàn)在他在《大不列顛百科全書(shū)》中編纂的詞條。在另一個(gè)條目中,他創(chuàng)造了術(shù)語(yǔ)“Indo-European”來(lái)描述在歐洲大部分地區(qū)以及北印度使用的語(yǔ)言。這些都是這是這位從小就展露科學(xué)天賦并且不像很多孩子后來(lái)江郎才盡的科學(xué)家獲得的里程碑式的成就。
D托馬斯·楊出生在英國(guó)薩默塞特郡一個(gè)虔誠(chéng)的教友會(huì)教徒家庭,從小和他的外公一起長(zhǎng)大,最后去了寄宿學(xué)校。他兩歲的時(shí)候就博覽群書(shū),并且自學(xué)熟練掌握了拉丁語(yǔ),希臘語(yǔ),數(shù)學(xué)以及哲學(xué),在很大程度上他受到了舅舅Richard Brocklesby的鼓勵(lì),他的舅舅也是英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì)的一位內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。在Brocklesby的引導(dǎo)下,楊決定要在醫(yī)學(xué)方而有所建樹(shù),他曾先后在倫敦大學(xué)、愛(ài)丁堡大學(xué)和格丁根大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué),多虧了Brocklesby的引薦,楊進(jìn)入了英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì),他最后也打破了從小在教友會(huì)的教育,他參加戲劇演出,學(xué)習(xí)跳舞和吹笛子,此外,他還是一位杰出的馬術(shù)師。在1808年結(jié)束在劍橋大學(xué)的醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)后,楊在倫敦開(kāi)了一家診所,很快他就成為皇家內(nèi)科醫(yī)生學(xué)會(huì)的一員,并且?guī)啄旰蟪蔀槭讨吾t(yī)院的一名內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。
E楊作為內(nèi)科醫(yī)生的醫(yī)術(shù)卻趕不上他作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者或是語(yǔ)言學(xué)家取得的成就,早在1801年,他已經(jīng)被任命為英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì)的教授,他每年要在那里舉辦60場(chǎng)的講座。這些講座在1807年以兩本書(shū)的形式進(jìn)行出版。1804年楊就已經(jīng)成為英國(guó)朵家學(xué)會(huì)的秘書(shū),而他獲此殊榮直至去世。他的很多觀點(diǎn)關(guān)注人民和國(guó)家事務(wù),比如說(shuō)在倫敦引進(jìn)煤氣照明和造船方法。從1819年起,他就是航海天文年歷的主要負(fù)責(zé)人,也是Board of Longitude的秘書(shū)。從1824年到1829年,他擔(dān)任Palladian 保險(xiǎn)公司的精算師和內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。在1816年和1825年間,他為《大不列顛百科全書(shū)》編纂了許多詞條,而且窮其一生著作,論文無(wú)數(shù)。
F我們通過(guò)楊在醫(yī)學(xué)課上胡亂寫(xiě)的希臘字母和拉丁文短語(yǔ)以及他將一位年輕的女士寫(xiě)在避暑山莊墻上的詩(shī)句翻譯成挽歌可以看出他的幽默,但是他的個(gè)人生活也因?yàn)樽约簩?duì)工作和研究的全情投入而略顯蒼白。
G他在1804年和Eliza Maxwell結(jié)婚,據(jù)Robinson所述“他們的婚姻是幸福的,因?yàn)樗姆蛉诵蕾p他的工作”。我們對(duì)于他夫人的了解僅限于她在她丈夫備受一些關(guān)于眼睛的理論方面爭(zhēng)議的時(shí)候總是堅(jiān)定地支持他,并且當(dāng)他的醫(yī)學(xué)生涯開(kāi)始慢慢起飛的時(shí)候,她開(kāi)始有些擔(dān)心錢(qián)的問(wèn)題。值得一提的是,楊沒(méi)有被保護(hù)的人,他都是和自己的導(dǎo)師進(jìn)行互動(dòng)一一先是他的外公,后是Brocklesby一一還有先于他過(guò)失的一些偉人(其中很多是很著名的如牛頓,楊最早在17歲讀了他寫(xiě)的書(shū))。但是關(guān)于楊和他母親以及父親的關(guān)系的記述卻鮮力人知,Robinson在說(shuō)到楊的非凡的頭腦時(shí)也并沒(méi)有將其歸功于他的父母,或許很難有這樣的巧合:過(guò)去的天才都是由于卓越的父母教育造就的。

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