大學(xué)路小編給大家?guī)砹藙蜓潘?閱讀:Adults and children are frequently...這篇答案 9月4日雅思閱讀考試真題與答案解析 2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析:Thomas Young相關(guān)文章,一起來看一下吧。
本文目錄一覽:
劍橋雅思4閱讀:Adults and children are frequently...這篇答案
洛陽大華
雅思
提醒您,可以參考下這篇文章:
“精讀”的“精”字是最值得推敲的,“精”如果換句話說就是理解,其包括了幾個方面,一個是文章單詞詞義的理解,一個是
句子分析
上的理解,最后一個是文章結(jié)構(gòu)上的理解。
首先來看一下文章單詞詞義上的理解。這個理解層面是最基礎(chǔ)的。因為要讀懂一篇文章在說什么,自然要知道每句話的意思,但是每句話意思的理解又是建立在每個單詞的理解上。所以我們說要做好閱讀,詞匯量一直都是強調(diào)的重點。精讀雅思閱讀文章,第一步就是把文章中的生詞都解決掉。換句話說,就是利用字典把文章中不認識的單詞都查出來。我們以劍4上TEST1的PASSAGE1這篇文章為例。這篇文章是講一個
調(diào)查
研究關(guān)于孩子們對
熱帶雨林
的了解狀況。文章的第一句話Adults and children are frequently confronted with statements about the alarming rate of loss of tropical rainforests. 這句話中常見的不認識的單詞可能有confronted, statements, alarming 和tropical rainforests. 所以要理解句子,我們就要把這幾個單詞的意思在字典中查找出來。Confront是指面臨、遭遇,statement是指聲明、陳述,alarming是指令人擔(dān)憂的,令人震驚的,tropical rainforest是指熱帶雨林。查找完這些詞的意思僅是第一步,因為光是把意思查找出來記憶并不深刻,所以建議大家可以準備一本單詞本,專門記錄文章中不認識的單詞。但是記錄下來還沒有完成文章詞義的理解,我們還要去具體分析一下這些詞,尤其是動詞,要注意查找其
同義詞
和反義詞。例如confront這個詞是一個動詞,它的同義詞有encounter, 意思都有遭遇,對抗的意思,但是區(qū)別有encounter常用于軍事方面。Statement是一個名詞,它是state加ment,由動詞state變成名詞,其同義詞有announcement、declaration等。而動詞state除了有聲明、陳述的意思以外,還有作為名詞州、國家以及形容詞國家的,國有的,正式的等含義。而alarming則是由動詞alarm加上ing變成形容詞,alarm的意思是恐嚇、警告,同時也有名詞意義為警報、恐慌。最后tropical的意思是熱帶的,tropical rainforest為熱帶雨林,那么可以引申出其他的類似詞匯,例如溫帶就是
temperate zone
, 寒帶就是frigid zone,極地就是polar region。從一個詞匯可以引申出一系列的詞匯,尤其是同義詞,這在以后的閱讀理解上也是非常有幫助的,因為雅思閱讀很多時候都是在考察學(xué)生的paraphrasing同義轉(zhuǎn)換的能力。所以如果在精讀詞匯的時候有意識的去學(xué)習(xí)和認識同義詞,對閱讀能力的提高大有裨益。當(dāng)然在精讀的單詞挑選上我們也有一定的原則,并不是所有的單詞都值得去精讀。主要挑選的單詞最好是具有普遍含義的動詞、形容詞,其次是副詞和名詞。而那些比較難比較偏的名詞是不適合精讀的,基本上以認知為主就可以。
第二個層次的精讀是句子的分析和理解。句子的分析和理解最好是結(jié)合題目來做。因為之前已經(jīng)做過題目也對過答案,因此對于答案與文章對應(yīng)的句子應(yīng)該有所了解,那么分析起來就更具有針對性。同樣以上文提到的文章為例。這篇文章的第四題是一道判斷題,題目為The fact that children’s ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to change them. 題目的意思是孩子們關(guān)于科學(xué)的觀點是融合在一個比較大的想法框架中的,這個事實意味著如果要改變孩子們的觀點也還是相對容易的。這道題目在文章中對對應(yīng)的相關(guān)句子是These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organized, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification. 這句話是一句難句,中間有不少的插入成分來影響我們對句子的理解,但是如果我們從句子主干開始分析,一步一步,就能把整個脈絡(luò)梳理清楚。這句話的主語是misconceptions, 這些錯誤的觀點或想法,然后用了一個not….but…的結(jié)構(gòu),告示我們這種錯誤的觀點不會是一直孤立的,而是會合并到一個框架體系中,framework之前的multifaceted, but organized, conceptual都是修飾這個framework的特征的,也就是這個框架體系是多方面的,有序的以及有概念系統(tǒng)的。接下來的句子則要理解2個代詞所指代的意義,一個是making it 中的it, 還有一個是some of which 中的which. It 指的是一個單數(shù)名詞概念,而它之前就一個單數(shù)名詞,就是framework, 而which 前離它最近的名詞是ideas, 所以它所指代的就是component ideas. 搞清楚了這2個代詞所指代的內(nèi)容,后面半句話也就容易理解了,意思是可以使這個概念體系及構(gòu)成這個體系的思想——其中一部分是錯誤的——更加健全,同時也更加容易得到修正。從這個分析上來看,題目的意思和文章相關(guān)句子的意思一致,所以判斷題目是TRUE,正確的。因此要分析清楚雅思閱讀文章的句子結(jié)構(gòu),最有效的方法還是從句子的主干著手,然后再分析其修飾成分,然后再用中文的思路去組織句意。當(dāng)然重點分析的句子還是以與題目相關(guān)的句子為主,有些比較簡單的句子就不需要花太多時間。
最后是一個更高程度的精讀要求,是對基礎(chǔ)比較好的學(xué)生來說應(yīng)該去學(xué)會的一種精讀方法,也就是要從文章的宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)上去分析。雅思閱讀文章大多是學(xué)術(shù)類氣息濃厚的文章,因此多以
說明文
和議論文為主,而內(nèi)容上也多關(guān)于調(diào)查研究報告,實驗結(jié)果,課題研究以及其他自然原理現(xiàn)象說明的內(nèi)容。所以文章結(jié)構(gòu)很多會有類似。如果能分析出相似題材的文章結(jié)構(gòu),那么對做目前來說大家都頭疼的段落細節(jié)配對題是有很大的幫助的。同樣以雨林那篇文章為例。這篇文章是比較典型的調(diào)查研究報告類說明文,文章的結(jié)構(gòu)脈絡(luò)比較清晰。在經(jīng)過上面兩步驟的精讀后,對文章的內(nèi)容理解應(yīng)該已經(jīng)不成問題,現(xiàn)在要做的就是去掉外皮,將其骨骼提煉出來。文章分為11個小段落,前3段是調(diào)查研究的背景介紹,后面的4到9段介紹了調(diào)查的具體內(nèi)容,也就是5個開放式問題孩子們給出的答案及分析,最后2段進行了總結(jié)和對接下來調(diào)查的預(yù)期。所以文章的總體結(jié)構(gòu)和調(diào)查研究報告類文章是類似的,背景介紹——調(diào)查具體內(nèi)容結(jié)果——總結(jié)預(yù)測,以后如果遇到類似的調(diào)查研究報告類文章最有可能的行文結(jié)構(gòu)也是這樣,那么如果出了相關(guān)的段落細節(jié)配對題就可以利用文章結(jié)構(gòu)快速定位相關(guān)的段落然后再進行選擇,有了正確的范圍,那么正確率也就大大提高了。
以上三點就是“精讀”的核心,如果能堅持從這3點去精讀一篇篇的雅思
劍橋
系列文章,相信詞匯量和閱讀能力會大有提高,整體的英文能力也會突飛猛進。
2021年9月4日雅思閱讀考試真題與答案解析
9月4日的雅思考試是換題季后第一場考試,對于這次的雅思考試,想必很多學(xué)生都想要看看它的真題吧。那么下面就來給大家講講2021年9月4日的雅思閱讀的考試真題與答案解析。
一、2021年9月4日雅思閱讀真題與答案
Passage 1
主題:關(guān)于偵探小說的各種作家
參考答案:
Passage 2
主題:生物鐘
參考答案:
14.G
15.A
16.E
17.C
18.D
19. 待回憶
20. exposure
21.hormone
22.rhythm
23.gene
23-26 多選 待回憶
Passage 3
主題:商業(yè)培訓(xùn)
參考答案:
二、雅思閱讀步驟
1.快速閱讀:平時進行大量的快速閱讀。可選的閱讀材料有:TIME, NEWSWEEK, THE ECONOMIST, CHINADAILY, 21st CENTURY等。因為雅思考試與時代緊密相連,具有一定的時效性,所以報刊文章為泛讀的首選。閱讀報刊文章應(yīng)選擇一般性的題材,如科普,社會問題,學(xué)術(shù)觀點性的文章,而政治,軍事,尖端科技的文章可以略過。采取的閱讀方式為快速閱讀。
2.難句突破:在精讀和做雅思試題時,將復(fù)雜的難句摘抄出來,然后分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),徹底消化難點。雖然雅思閱讀中不可能有原句重現(xiàn),但是難句的結(jié)構(gòu)是基本不變的。
3.詞匯強記:詞匯量不夠,應(yīng)進行詞匯突擊。雅思考試的詞匯量約為6000~8000詞。詞匯量小也是導(dǎo)致閱讀理解速度慢的重要因素。
4.模擬練習(xí):接下來就要做雅思模擬試題,進一步熟悉考試題型。熟練掌握閱讀題型。有兩點需要特別注意:首先,雅思閱讀的各種題型必須搞熟,尤其是主觀題如簡答、填空、概括等。其次,要看清題目,因為雅思閱讀的問法比較靈活,可以是對/錯/未給出答案,所以先看清楚要你做什么,再下手不遲,切忌做“無用功”。
5、總結(jié)技巧:注意分析閱讀理解的套路,總結(jié)解題技巧。如果個人復(fù)習(xí)情況不佳,可以根據(jù)自己的實際情況選擇合適的輔導(dǎo)班。
三、雅思閱讀做題訣竅
1.Skimming and Scanning
雅思閱讀測試的一大特色是同義詞(synonyms)和釋義表達(paraphrasing)。因此,考生在做此類題目的過程中,要首先判斷哪個是關(guān)鍵詞(keywords),以及它的同義詞,然后根據(jù)該詞迅速在文章中尋找,準確定位(locatingtheexpectedinformation),根據(jù)要求填空。
此外,雅思閱讀一般取材于報刊、雜志等,因此平時應(yīng)大量閱讀英文報刊,像《英國鏡報》、《衛(wèi)報》等,以了解英文報刊文章的表達習(xí)慣和常用表達式。
2.good reading habits
很多中國考生在平時訓(xùn)練閱讀時一遇到生詞就想查文曲星、字典之類的輔助工具??荚囍校捎谘潘奸喿x考試的取材都來自原版報刊雜志,文章中必然出現(xiàn)不少考生沒有見過或者很少碰到的生詞,尤其是學(xué)術(shù)類閱讀第三篇文章的詞匯量往往很大,這時良好的閱讀習(xí)慣就成了我們能否獲取理想成績的關(guān)鍵。
細心總結(jié)一下就可以發(fā)現(xiàn),在很多情況下,形容詞和副詞是最難以記憶的,也就是我們最感生疏的,但是它們一般不太會影響我們的句子理解能力。
2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析:Thomas Young
您好,我是專注留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)咨詢的小鐘老師。在追尋留學(xué)夢想的路上,選擇合適的學(xué)校和專業(yè),準備相關(guān)考試,都可能讓人感到迷茫和困擾。作為一名有經(jīng)驗的留學(xué)顧問,我在此為您提供全方位的專業(yè)咨詢和指導(dǎo)。歡迎隨時提問!
對于雅思考生來說,劍橋雅思閱讀題難不難?下面就和小鐘老師一起來看看2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析:Thomas Young。
Thomas Young
The Last True Know-It-All
A Thomas Young (1773-1829) contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica, including 46 biographical entries (mostly on scientists and classicists) and substantial essays on "Bridge,” "Chromatics," "Egypt," "Languages" and "Tides". Was someone who could write authoritatively about so many subjects a polymath, a genius or a dilettante? In an ambitious new biography, Andrew Robinson argues that Young is a good contender for the epitaph "the last man who knew everything." Young has competition, however: The phrase, which Robinson takes for his title, also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies: Leonard Warren's 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy (1823-1891) and Paula Findlen's 2023 book on Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680), another polymath.
B Young, of course, did more than write encyclopedia entries. He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday. In the paper, Young explained the process of accommodation in the human eye on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances. Young hypothesized that this was achieved by changes in the shape of the lens. Young also theorized that light traveled in waves and he believed that, to account for the ability to see in color, there must be three receptors in the eye corresponding to the three "principal colors" to which the retina could respond: red, green, violet. All these hypothesis were subsequently proved to be correct.
C Later in his life, when he was in his forties, Young was instrumental in cracking the code that unlocked the unknown script on the Rosetta Stone, a tablet that was "found" in Egypt by the Napoleonic army in 1799. The stone contains text in three alphabets: Greek, something unrecognizable and Egyptian hieroglyphs. The unrecognizable script is now known as demotic and, as Young deduced, is related directly to hieroglyphic. His initial work on this appeared in his Britannica entry on Egypt. In another entry, he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India. These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who, unlike many remarkable children, did not disappear into oblivion as an *.
D Born in 1773 in Somerset in England, Young lived from an early age with his maternal grandfather, eventually leaving to attend boarding school. He haddevoured books from the age of two, and through his own initiative he excelled at Latin, Greek, mathematics and natural philosophy. After leaving school, he was greatly encouraged by his mother's uncle, Richard Brocklesby, a physician and Fellow of the Royal Society. Following Brocklesby's lead, Young decided to pursue a career in medicine. He studied in London, following the medical circuit, and then moved on to more formal education in Edinburgh, Gottingen and Cambridge. After completing his medical training at the University of Cambridge in 1808, Young set up practice as a physician in London. He soon became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and a few years later was appointed physician at St. George's Hospital.
E Young's skill as a physician, however, did not equal his skill as a scholar of natural philosophy or linguistics. Earlier, in 1801, he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution, where he delivered as many as 60 lectures in a year. These were published in two volumes in 1807. In 1804 Young had become secretary to the Royal Society, a post he would hold until his death. His opinions were sought on civic and national matters, such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction. From 1819 he was superintendent of the Nautical Almanac and secretary to the Board of Longitude. From 1824 to 1829 he was physician to and inspector of calculations for the Palladian Insurance Company. Between 1816 and 1825 he contributed his many and various entries to the Encyclopedia Britannica, and throughout his career he authored numerous books, essays and papers.
F Young is a perfect subject for a biography - perfect, but daunting. Few men contributed so much to so many technical fields. Robinson's aim is to introduce non-scientists to Young's work and life. He succeeds, providing clear expositions of the technical material (especially that on optics and Egyptian hieroglyphs). Some readers of this book will, like Robinson, find Young's accomplishments impressive; others will see him as some historians have - as a dilettante. Yet despite the rich material presented in this book, readers will not end up knowing Young personally. We catch glimpses of a playful Young, doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs. Young was introduced into elite society, attended the theatre and learned to dance and play the flute. In addition, he was an accomplished horseman. However, his personal life looks pale next to his vibrant career and studies.
G Young married Eliza Maxwell in 1804, and according to Robinson, "their marriage was a happy one and she appreciated his work." Almost all we know about her is that she sustained her husband through some rancorous disputes about optics and that she worried about money when his medical career was slow to take off. Very little evidence survives about the complexities of Young's relationships with his mother and father. Robinson does not credit them, or anyone else, with shaping Young's extraordinary mind. Despite the lack of details concerning Young's relationships, however, anyone interested in what it means to be a genius should read this book.
Questions 1-7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
1 “The last man who knew everything” has also been claimed to other people.
2 All Young’s articles were published in Encyclopedia Britannica.
3 Like others, Young wasn't so brilliant when grew up.
4 Young's talents as a doctor are surpassing his other skills.
5 Young's advice was sought by people responsible for local and national issues.
6 Young was interested in various social pastimes.
7 Young suffered from a disease in his later years.
Questions 8-13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
8 How many life stories did Young write for Encyclopedia Britannica?
9 What aspect of scientific research did Young do in his first academic paper?
10 What name did Young introduce to refer to a group of languages?
11 Who inspired Young to start the medical studies?
12 Where did Young get a teaching position?
13 What contribution did Young make to London?
文章題目:
Thomas Young—The Last True Know-it All
托馬斯·楊——最后一個無所不知的人
篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
體裁人物傳記
題目托馬斯·楊——最后一個無所不知的人
結(jié)構(gòu)A段:托馬斯·楊對百科全書的主要成就
B段:托馬斯年輕時的主要成就
C段:托馬斯晚年的主要成就
D段:托馬斯童年的生活背景及成長經(jīng)歷
E段:托馬斯作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者取得的成就
F段: 托馬斯在其他領(lǐng)域的成就
G段:托馬斯的感情生活
試題分析
Question 1-7
題目類型:True / false /not given
題號定位詞文中對應(yīng)點題目解析
1Other peopleA段第四句“Young has competition, however: The phrase, which Robinson takes for his title, also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies: Leonard Warren's 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy (1823-1891) and Paula Findlen's 2023 book on Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680), another polymath.”該句中明確給出了Young還有其他的競爭者,他們的傳記中也同樣擁有這樣的小標(biāo)題,分別是Leonard Warren寫的關(guān)于Joseph Leidy的傳記,以及 Paula Findlen's寫的關(guān)于Athanasius Kircher的傳記。
因此,本題答案為True
2all, articlesB段第一、二句B段第一句 “Young, of course, did more than write encyclopedia entries.”明確表示Young所做的遠不僅僅是編輯大英百科全書的詞條,因此并不是所有的都在百科全書。而在本段第二句中,作者指出,Young在20歲的時候?qū)⒆约旱牡谝黄撐淖运]給倫敦皇家學(xué)會,并在一年后成為該學(xué)會的會員: He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday。Paper與article為近意思。顯然,題干與原文含義相反。
因此,本題答案為False
3likeC段最后一句C段整體是在介紹Young晚年的主要成就,即Young長大后的成就。此外,在C段最后一句中,作者明確指出Young和其他的孩子不同的一點在于,Young并沒有像其他那些年少成名而后來江郎才盡的孩子一樣,他后來同樣取得了非凡的成就: These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who, unlike many remarkable children, did not disappear into oblivion as an *.句中的unlike為like的反義詞,顯然題干與原文含義相反。
因此,本題答案為False
4surpassingD段第四、七句D段介紹了Young的成長背景和經(jīng)歷,同時體現(xiàn)出其涉獵范圍較為廣泛。其中第四句中提到Y(jié)oung決定學(xué)醫(yī),并且在后面的介紹中指出Young還參加戲劇演出,學(xué)習(xí)跳舞和吹笛子: He then broke with his Quaker upbringing by attending the theater and learning to dance and play the flute. In addition, he was an accomplished horseman.而在第七句中作者指出Young還是一名杰出的馬術(shù)師。但是并未指出Young在哪個方面的造詣更高,更有天賦。Surpassing這個概念并沒有在文中體現(xiàn)。
因此,本題答案為Not Given
5soughtE段第四句“ His opinions were sought on civic and national matters”,文中表明Young的很多觀點關(guān)注人民和國家事務(wù)。題干與原文含義相同。
因此,本題答案為True
6Interested in, social pastimeF段第七句“We catch glimpses of a playful Young, doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs.”文中指出,通過Young的醫(yī)學(xué)演講中亂寫的希臘字母和拉丁短語以及將一位年輕女性寫在涼亭上的詩歌翻譯成希臘挽歌便能看出他的幽默。顯然,Young對于這樣的社交娛樂是感興趣的。題干和原文相符合。
因此,本題答案為True
7disease, later yearsC段第一句,G段第一句C段第一句給出了“l(fā)ater in his life,”但是本段近講述了Young晚年在學(xué)術(shù)方面的成就;G段給出了Young的婚后生活,以及Robinson在書中并未提及Young與父母間的關(guān)系。但無論哪一個點都沒有提及其晚年飽受某種疾病之苦。
因此,本題答案為Not Given
題目類型:Short-answer question
8life storiesA段第一句“Thomas Young (1773-1829) contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica, including 46 biographical entries (mostly on scientists and classicists)…”該劇中的“biographical entries”指傳記詞條,與題干中的life stories表示相同涵義。
因此,本題答案為46
9first academic paperB段第三句“In the paper, on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances, Young hypothesized that deformation of the crystalline lens accomplished the accommodation.”B段段首表明,Young將自己的第一篇論文自薦給了倫敦皇家學(xué)會學(xué)會。因此本段討論的是其第一篇論文。而本段第三句指出,在這篇論文中,Young主要討論了人類眼球的調(diào)節(jié)機制
因此,本題答案為humaneye或human eye accommodation
10a group of languagesC段第五句“In another entry, he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India.”該句指出,Young創(chuàng)造了術(shù)語 Indo-European來描述在歐洲大部分地區(qū)以及北印度使用的語言。
因此,本題答案為Indo-European
11inspire, medical studiesD段第四句D段前面介紹了Young童年時期的生活背景。本段第四句中則指出:“Following Brocklesby's lead, Young decided to pursue a career in medicine.”。顯然,正是因為 Richard Brocklesby的引導(dǎo),Young才決定在醫(yī)學(xué)方面有所建樹。
因此,本題答案為 Richard Brocklesby
12teaching positionE段第二句“ Earlier, in 1801, he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution”,題干中的teaching position與E段第二句中的professorship均表示“教師職位”,該句明確指出,Young作為自然哲學(xué)的教授,受聘于英國科學(xué)研究所。
因此,本題答案為 Royal Institution
13LondonE段第五句“His opinions were sought on civic and national matters, such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction.”E段主要介紹了Young作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者取得的成就。而第五句則列舉了Young的兩個成就,其對于倫敦的所做出的成就在于煤氣照明的引入。
因此,本題答案為gas lighting
A我們該怎樣理解托馬斯·楊(1773-1829)?他是《大不列顛百科全書》中63篇文章的作者,其中包括46篇傳記(大部分都是關(guān)于科學(xué)家和古典學(xué)者),和大量關(guān)于“橋” “色彩論” “埃及” “語吉” “潮汐”等的論文。一個能夠?qū)懗鲞@樣多有權(quán)威性文章的人應(yīng)該算是一個博學(xué)者? 一個天才?還是一個業(yè)余興趣廣泛的人呢?在一篇關(guān)于他的比較激進的傳記中,Andrew Robinson 認為托馬斯楊是-位強有力的競爭者能夠配得這樣的墓志銘“是最后一個知道任何事的人”。但是楊也要面對競爭:因為這樣的傳記標(biāo)題Robinson不僅給了他,也作為副標(biāo)題給了有關(guān)另兩位學(xué)者的傳記:Lenard Warren 1998年著的《古生物學(xué)家Joseph Leipy的一生》(1823-1891)以及Paula Findlen 2023年著的關(guān)于另一位博學(xué)者Athanasius Kircher(1602-1680)的傳記。
B當(dāng)然楊的貢獻遠不止寫了很多百科全書上的文章,他在20歲的時候?qū)⒆约旱牡谝黄撐淖运]給倫敦皇家學(xué)會,并在他的21歲生日后被評為一周科學(xué)人物,楊在該篇論文中解釋了人類眼睛的調(diào)節(jié)機制一一關(guān)于眼睛如何通過不同的距離聚焦在物體上。在后面的文章中,他更加全面地探討了這個問題,類似牛頓,他在自己身上進行了可怕的實驗用以獲得相關(guān)的證據(jù),他還得出這樣的理論:光是通過“以太”分子的振動,以波的形式進行傳遞的,而“以太”是一種假想物質(zhì),其存在還存在爭議性。他還認為為了能看見顏色,必須要有3個感應(yīng)器對“三原色”進行感應(yīng),而這三種視網(wǎng)膜對其產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)的顏色就是紅,黃,藍二種顏色。
C在他人生的晚些時候,也就是40多歲的時候,楊試圖破解鎖在羅塞塔石碑里的未知文字密碼,這個石碑是在1799年在埃及被拿破侖的軍隊發(fā)現(xiàn)的,并且從1802年起就在英國博物館進行展出。該石碑上包含了 3種不同的字母:希臘語,不可辨識的文字以及埃及的象形文字。這種不可辨識的文字現(xiàn)在被認為是正如楊所推斷的是很普通的,是和象形文字直接相關(guān)的。他最初有關(guān)這方面的工作首次出現(xiàn)在他在《大不列顛百科全書》中編纂的詞條。在另一個條目中,他創(chuàng)造了術(shù)語“Indo-European”來描述在歐洲大部分地區(qū)以及北印度使用的語言。這些都是這是這位從小就展露科學(xué)天賦并且不像很多孩子后來江郎才盡的科學(xué)家獲得的里程碑式的成就。
D托馬斯·楊出生在英國薩默塞特郡一個虔誠的教友會教徒家庭,從小和他的外公一起長大,最后去了寄宿學(xué)校。他兩歲的時候就博覽群書,并且自學(xué)熟練掌握了拉丁語,希臘語,數(shù)學(xué)以及哲學(xué),在很大程度上他受到了舅舅Richard Brocklesby的鼓勵,他的舅舅也是英國皇家學(xué)會的一位內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。在Brocklesby的引導(dǎo)下,楊決定要在醫(yī)學(xué)方而有所建樹,他曾先后在倫敦大學(xué)、愛丁堡大學(xué)和格丁根大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué),多虧了Brocklesby的引薦,楊進入了英國皇家學(xué)會,他最后也打破了從小在教友會的教育,他參加戲劇演出,學(xué)習(xí)跳舞和吹笛子,此外,他還是一位杰出的馬術(shù)師。在1808年結(jié)束在劍橋大學(xué)的醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)后,楊在倫敦開了一家診所,很快他就成為皇家內(nèi)科醫(yī)生學(xué)會的一員,并且?guī)啄旰蟪蔀槭讨吾t(yī)院的一名內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。
E楊作為內(nèi)科醫(yī)生的醫(yī)術(shù)卻趕不上他作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者或是語言學(xué)家取得的成就,早在1801年,他已經(jīng)被任命為英國皇家學(xué)會的教授,他每年要在那里舉辦60場的講座。這些講座在1807年以兩本書的形式進行出版。1804年楊就已經(jīng)成為英國朵家學(xué)會的秘書,而他獲此殊榮直至去世。他的很多觀點關(guān)注人民和國家事務(wù),比如說在倫敦引進煤氣照明和造船方法。從1819年起,他就是航海天文年歷的主要負責(zé)人,也是Board of Longitude的秘書。從1824年到1829年,他擔(dān)任Palladian 保險公司的精算師和內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。在1816年和1825年間,他為《大不列顛百科全書》編纂了許多詞條,而且窮其一生著作,論文無數(shù)。
F我們通過楊在醫(yī)學(xué)課上胡亂寫的希臘字母和拉丁文短語以及他將一位年輕的女士寫在避暑山莊墻上的詩句翻譯成挽歌可以看出他的幽默,但是他的個人生活也因為自己對工作和研究的全情投入而略顯蒼白。
G他在1804年和Eliza Maxwell結(jié)婚,據(jù)Robinson所述“他們的婚姻是幸福的,因為他的夫人欣賞他的工作”。我們對于他夫人的了解僅限于她在她丈夫備受一些關(guān)于眼睛的理論方面爭議的時候總是堅定地支持他,并且當(dāng)他的醫(yī)學(xué)生涯開始慢慢起飛的時候,她開始有些擔(dān)心錢的問題。值得一提的是,楊沒有被保護的人,他都是和自己的導(dǎo)師進行互動一一先是他的外公,后是Brocklesby一一還有先于他過失的一些偉人(其中很多是很著名的如牛頓,楊最早在17歲讀了他寫的書)。但是關(guān)于楊和他母親以及父親的關(guān)系的記述卻鮮力人知,Robinson在說到楊的非凡的頭腦時也并沒有將其歸功于他的父母,或許很難有這樣的巧合:過去的天才都是由于卓越的父母教育造就的。
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以上就是大學(xué)路小編給大家?guī)淼膭蜓潘?閱讀:Adults and children are frequently...這篇答案 9月4日雅思閱讀考試真題與答案解析 2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析:Thomas Young,希望能對大家有所幫助。