雅思閱讀同義詞替換 雅思閱讀同義詞替換四項基本原則 備考策略：詳解雅思閱讀中的同義轉(zhuǎn)換技巧

今天大學路小編整理了雅思閱讀同義詞替換 雅思閱讀同義詞替換四項基本原則 備考策略：詳解雅思閱讀中的同義轉(zhuǎn)換技巧相關內(nèi)容，希望能幫助到大家，一起來看下吧。

本文目錄一覽：

• 1、雅思閱讀同義詞替換
• 2、雅思閱讀同義詞替換四項基本原則
• 3、備考策略：詳解雅思閱讀中的同義轉(zhuǎn)換技巧

雅思閱讀同義詞替換

1. initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be the person who starts something=plan=law主動的，自發(fā)的.adj. 主動權(quán)n.

2. increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on the increase=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.

3. teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教學v.

4. more than one language=bilingual=sbs second language多種語言n.

5. determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 決定v.

6. young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年輕人n.

7. community=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群體，團體，社區(qū)n.

8. traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable傳統(tǒng)的adj.

9. fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do no good=fall through失敗v.

10. endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危險v.

11. diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各種各樣的adj.

12. inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.

13. differ from=unusual與不同v.

雅思閱讀同義詞替換四項基本原則

1詞性之間的替換

詞性的替換主要是指題目中的關鍵信息與原文中的內(nèi)容在詞性上做了變化而已。這樣的替換相對來說，難度系數(shù)偏低，只需要考生能夠辨認出相同的詞根即可。

Example 1：

Cambridge8，Test3中Q35：Through mutations, organi*s can 35 better to the environment.首先通過mutation一詞將此填空題在原文定位到第C段”Because of changes in the genetic material (mutations) these have new characteristics and in the course of their individual lives they are tested for optimal or better adaptation to the environmental conditions.”然后尋找空后關鍵詞better to，根據(jù)空格前的情態(tài)動詞can推測空格處只能填一個動詞，而且是原形，還要能和to搭配。這么一來，這句話里只有一個對應詞比較合適：adaption，將其變形為動詞adapt即可。

Example 2：

Cambridge6，Test2中Q17Q18：This is largely due to developments in 17 , but other factors such as improved 18 may also be playing a part.定位到原文第四段”Clearly, certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances. But there may be other contributing factors. Improvements in childhood nutrition in the first quarter of the twentieth century….”表明有些疾病是被medical advances打敗的。根據(jù)空格前的介詞可以判斷17題缺一個跟developments相關的名詞。正確選項是medical的同根詞M(medicine)。而18題是一個被improved修飾的名詞，原文中improvements是它的同根詞，所以答案是選項J (nutrition)。

這樣的替換，即使單詞是陌生的，卻可以通過相同的詞根或詞形來幫助考生去挑選答案。要想掌握好這樣的替換，也就要求考生盡可能地去多熟悉英語詞匯中各種詞根與詞綴的應用。

劍橋閱讀中出現(xiàn)的同根詞變身：

ability → able

diabetic → diabetes

secrete → secretions

fertilise → fertilisers

creativity → creative

investigative → investigate

prefer → preference

emit → emission

predictability → predicted

2同義詞/近義詞之間的替換

同義詞替換是指考題與原文中的關鍵內(nèi)容用同義詞進行一種互換。此類替換占據(jù)同義替換現(xiàn)象的大部分內(nèi)容，而且?guī)缀跛械念}型都會有這樣的替換現(xiàn)象。且大量常見的詞都會主要是以名詞與動詞為主。

Example 3：

Cambridge6，Test4的Q9：Kim Schaefer’s marketing technique may be open to critici* on moral grounds.在原文第三段中定位到”Selling pharmaceuticals is a daily exercise in ethical judgment,”其中ethical即為原文中moral的同義詞。

考生只需要在平時增加詞匯量時有意識地去注意一些常見同義詞，雅思閱讀的解答也就變得簡單很多了。其實嚴格意義上來講，同義詞應該還包括一些常用詞組或短語之間的一種互換。

Example 4：

Cambridge7，Test4的Q19：Between 1940 and 1959, there was a sharp decrease in Alaska's salmon population.此題為是非判斷題。利用between 1940 and 1959定位到原文第4段Between 1940 and 1959, overfishing led to crashes in salmon population so severe that in 1953 Alaska was declared a federal disaster area. 原文中的crashes與題干中的sharp decrease屬于近義詞(語義相同的詞)之間的替換。

Example 5：

Cambridge6，Test1的Q38Q39：In recent years, many of them have been obliged to give up their 38 lifestyle, but they continue to depend mainly on 39 for their food and clothes.定位到原文D段：Over the past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in the territory’s 28 isolated communities, but they still rely heavily on nature to provide food and clothing.題干中提及被迫放棄什么生活方式，因此要求填一個形容詞來修飾lifestyle。而時間狀語in recent years是定位詞。按順序原則，原文的時間狀語over the past 40 years正好跟in recent years對應，abandon與give up，ways和lifestyle對應，答案便是abandon后面的賓語ways的修飾語nomadic。同時判斷depend on后面需要填一個名詞，即依靠什么東西。而后面的food and clothes是非常好的定位詞。很快可以在原文中找到對應depend on的rely on,而后面又有food and clothes。因此可以很清楚地判斷出rely on的賓語nature就是答案。

劍橋中出現(xiàn)的同義詞/近義詞

change → shift / revision

overstate → exaggerate

target → goal

comments → feedback

performance → achievement

metropolitan → city

world → global

perceive → sense / feel

calculate → measure

resemble → look like

link to → associated with

expert → scientist

hard to find → elusive

3.否定加反義之間的替換

Example 6：

Cambridge7，Test1的Q33：In the follow-up class, the teaching activities are similar to those used in conventional classes.根據(jù)順序原則以及follow-up可以定位到原文第6段。Such methods are not unusual in language teaching.題干中similar to和原文的not unusual屬于否定加反義之間的替換。

Example 7：

Cambridge8，Test3的Q38：In principle, it is possible for a biological system to become older without ageing.可以定位到原文第三段Thus ageing and death should not be seen as inevitable, particularly as the organi* possesses many mechani* for repair.題干中possible是原文not inevitable的否定加反義替換。

劍橋閱讀中出現(xiàn)的否定加反義替換

downward → not rising

not traditional → radical new approaches

with no rain at all →droughts

4.上下義詞之間的替換

所謂上下義，是指替換的詞語之間通常有一種從屬關系。在雅思的閱讀中這類替換往往出現(xiàn)在段落配對題之中，題目中給的是一個具有屬性或者是表示概念的詞語，而在原文中出現(xiàn)的替換詞卻是一個具體或者是細節(jié)的信息，考察考生對這兩者之間從屬關系的配對。

Example 8：

Cambridge6，Test3的Q28：Studies show drugs available today can delay the process of growing old。此題為是非判斷題，定位詞為“drugs”，在原文中定位，我們能在文章第一段找到“As researchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging—the build-up of molecular and cellular damage that increases vulnerability to infirmity as we get older”。原文中treatment即為題干中drugs的上義詞。

Example 9：

Cambridge7，Test1的Q5：early military use of echolocation 。此段落信息配對題在原文定位的句子是“it was only a matter of time before weapons designers adapted it for the detection of submarines.之所以這樣定位，就是原文中weapon一詞作為題干中military的下義詞出現(xiàn)。

劍橋閱讀中出現(xiàn)的上下義詞替換

chemical → fertilizer and pesticide

military → Second World War

body language → gesture

farming → grow plants and herd animals

environment → light, sound and warmth

四種難度依次遞增的同意替換，使雅思閱讀的考題顯得變換無窮，同時也將閱讀的難度提到了一個不同的高度。所以有很多考生抱怨，題目特點和解題技巧都很清楚，定位詞也能找準，可就是定位不到題目在原文中對應內(nèi)容的位置。其實這源于考生沒有真正了解雅思閱讀考查詞匯的變形。所以考生只要掌握4、6級詞匯，熟悉以上四種替換原則，在原文中尋找這些替換表達，即可快速且準確地完成定位和答題。

備考策略：詳解雅思閱讀中的同義轉(zhuǎn)換技巧

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雅思閱讀同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換一、詞的轉(zhuǎn)換
1. 相同詞性的同義替換：
相同詞性的同義替換一般指的是只涉及單個單詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。單個單詞的轉(zhuǎn)換包括詞性轉(zhuǎn)換及同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換。其中詞性轉(zhuǎn)換是相對簡單的一種，詞匯量可觀的考生自然可以游刃有余，輕松應對;即便不認識被轉(zhuǎn)換了的單詞的考生，也可以通過詞根詞綴以及上下文進行猜測。
例如：
Example 1:
One of the brain’*ost difficult tasks is to
A. react to their ownthoughts
B. helped createlanguage in humans
C. respond instantlyto whatever is happening
題干中的核心信息most difficult應該在讀題的過程中被考生捕捉到，在定位時應充分考慮到被代換的可能性;另外備考時訓練充分有素的考生還會考慮到句子結(jié)構(gòu)的整體順序的不同。這樣，當定位到原文的對應信息句：
Making a rapidemotional asses*ent of the events of the moment is an extremely demanding jobfor the brain, animal or human.
考生應該能夠敏銳地發(fā)現(xiàn)extremelydemanding是most difficult的代換，由此確定該句所表達的意思是正確答案，在list中搜尋正確的選項時，句子中的內(nèi)容被再一次代換，其中原文中 rapidemotional asses*ent of the events被代換為respond instantly towhatever is happening, 至此，答案為C。
Example 2:
It has been suggestedthat children hold mistaken views about the 'pure' science that they study atschool. 根據(jù)'pure'定位到文中第二段第一行Manystudies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about 'pure' science,curriculum science. 短短一句話我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)有三組四處同義替換，分別為suggested-shown;hold-harbour; mistaken views-misconceptions; science that they study atschool-curriculum science. 因此答案為TRUE。
Example 3:
Some people maybelieve that the teacher- subjects’ behavior could be explained as a positivesurvival mechani*.
可以看出句中positive和survival是關鍵詞，由句中出現(xiàn)的survivalmechani*可判斷為是從生物角度來談論的，又因為原文的F段首句：One’sfirst inclination might be to argue that there are must be some sort of built inanimal aggression instinct that … 中提到了相關內(nèi)容，所以定位到該段。迅速掃描，搜尋和兩個關鍵詞對應的信息，除了在該段第六行出現(xiàn)了原詞重現(xiàn)的survival, 還在上一行出現(xiàn)了advantageous, 顯然是positive的代換。由于原文跟題目中的信息吻合，所以答案是TRUE。
2. 不同詞性的同義替換：
不同詞性同義代換顧名思義，就是在代換時不受詞性的限制，比如：obvious換成clearly; similar換成resemble等。
Example 1:
Despite substantialfunding, results (of this program) have been disappointing.
代換為：This program failedalthough they received sufficient funding.
因為把disappointing換成了failed, “although”代換了“inspite of”, 通過詞的代換就會很自然的實現(xiàn)英文中提倡的句式多樣性。
雅思閱讀同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換二、詞組的轉(zhuǎn)換
詞組的轉(zhuǎn)換一般情況下是同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換的一個衍生。當一個詞無法用另一個同義詞到位地解釋時，可能會出現(xiàn)用詞組解釋的情況。另外如果本身就是詞組的形式，那么通常來講還是會用詞組的形式進行解釋。
例如：
Example 1:
原文：Computers are gainingin popularity, despite their cost.
題目：Computers are morepopular than they used to be.
原文當中的gaining in popularity題目中用morepopular than they used to be作為替換。兩者在意思上屬于完全一致的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此答案為TRUE。
Example 2:
原文：Biologically, aspecies becomes extinct when its last individual dies.
題目：In biological terms,a species is said to be extinct when only one individual exists.
原文當中的biologically用題目的inbiological terms作為替換。Become則由issaid to be作為替換。但是原文當中的die在題目中變成了exist, 直接相反的意思。介于最后這一處的轉(zhuǎn)換與原文信息不符，可以判斷出此題答案是FALSE。
Example 3:
There were severalreasons for the research into plastics in the nineteenth century, among themthe great advances that had been made in the field of _____and the search foralternatives to natural resources like ivory.
解析：根據(jù)nineteenth century定位到文中第二段......Theimpetus behind the development of these early plastics was generated by anumber of factors- immense technological progress in the domain ofchemistry,.......其中，in the field of意思等同于inthe domain of“在....領域”，因此答案為chemistry。
In recent years, manyof them have been obliged to give up their _____ lifestyle, but they continueto depend mainly on _____ for their food and clothes.
解析：根據(jù)上下文定位到文中 Overthe past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in theterritory's 18 isolated communities, but they still rely heavily on nature toprovide food and clothing. 因為大多數(shù)同學都認識abandon, 更知道giveup是“放棄”的意思，屬于單詞與詞組的替換，因此第一個空填nomadic,lifestyle“生活方式”與ways替換，dependmainly on與rely heavily on屬于詞組與詞組的替換，意為“依賴......”，答案為nature。
綜上所述，同義詞替換在雅思閱讀中的重要作用顯而易見。提醒廣大考生在平時一定要注意多積累，比如在背單詞的時候，就不能只滿足于記住單詞本身，還應該多想想這個單詞有什么同義、近義詞，以及詞組的代換，這樣在雅思閱讀中就能取得好的成績。
以上就是小編整理的雅思閱讀考試同義詞替換實例總結(jié)，希望同學們在雅思考試中要注意同義詞替換的問題，這個也是每次雅思考試中都會考到的一個點，雅思同義詞更多的是在于平時的積累和記憶，臨時抱佛腳只會把自己的詞匯記憶搞得更混亂。
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